Didier Stevens

To help the attendees of my Brucon White Hat Shellcode workshop, I wrote a new program to generate simple shellcode. I’m releasing it now.

People regularly ask me for malware so they can test their security setup. First, that’s a bad idea, and second, you can do without.

Why is using malware a bad idea? It’s dangerous and not reliable. Say you use a trojan to test your sandbox. You notice that your machine is not compromised. But is it because your sandbox contained the trojan, or because the trojan failed to execute properly? It might surprise you, but there’s a lot of unreliable malware out in the wild.

So how can you reliably test your sandbox without risking infection, or even worse, have malware escape into your corporate network? Just use simple shellcode that creates a file in a location your sandbox should prevent, like system32.

To generate this shellcode with simple-shellcode-generator.py, create a text file (call it createfile.def) with these 2 lines:

kernel32.dll CreateFileA str 0x0 0x0 0x0 0x2 0x80 0x0
kernel32.dll CloseHandle eax

Each line in this definition file instructs the generator to generate assembler code to lookup the address of the WIN32 API function, and to call it with the arguments you provide. The first column defines the dll that contains the function to call, the second column is the actual API function, and the rest are arguments to this function. The arguments you provide are copied literally into the generated assembler code, except for 3 keywords.
Keyword int is used to represent any DWORD, it will result in the generation of a push 0×0.
Keyword str is used to reserve space for a string, and the address of the string is used as argument.
Keyword pint is user to reserve space for a DWORD, and the address of the DWORD is used as argument.

To generate our shellcode, issue this command:

simple-shellcode-generator.py -o createfile.asm createfile.def

This generates the following assembler code:

; Shellcode generated by simple-shellcode-generator.py
; Generated for NASM assembler (http://www.nasm.us)
; https://DidierStevens.com
; Use at your own risk
;
; History:
;   2011/09/23: generated

BITS 32

KERNEL32_HASH equ 0x000D4E88
KERNEL32_NUMBER_OF_FUNCTIONS equ 2
KERNEL32_CREATEFILEA_HASH equ 0x00067746
KERNEL32_CLOSEHANDLE_HASH equ 0x00067E1A

segment .text
	call geteip
geteip:
	pop ebx

	; Setup environment for kernel32.dll
	lea esi, [KERNEL32_FUNCTIONS_TABLE-geteip+ebx]
	push esi
	lea esi, [KERNEL32_HASHES_TABLE-geteip+ebx]
	push esi
	push KERNEL32_NUMBER_OF_FUNCTIONS
	push KERNEL32_HASH
	call LookupFunctions

	; call to CreateFileA
	push 0x0
	push 0x80
	push 0x2
	push 0x0
	push 0x0
	push 0x0
	lea eax, [STRING1-geteip+ebx]
	push eax
	call [KERNEL32_CREATEFILEA-geteip+ebx]

	; call to CloseHandle
	push eax
	call [KERNEL32_CLOSEHANDLE-geteip+ebx]

	ret

%include "sc-api-functions.asm"

KERNEL32_HASHES_TABLE:
	dd KERNEL32_CREATEFILEA_HASH
	dd KERNEL32_CLOSEHANDLE_HASH

KERNEL32_FUNCTIONS_TABLE:
KERNEL32_CREATEFILEA dd 0x00000000
KERNEL32_CLOSEHANDLE dd 0x00000000

STRING1: db "String 1", 0

You can replace “String 1″ on line 57 with the file you want to create: “C:\Windows\System32\testfile.txt”.

This shellcode uses the library sc-api-functions.asm you can find in my shellcode repository.

Download:

simple-shellcode-generator_V0_0_1.zip (https)
MD5: 3A6D00C6EBC1F20589C952817174653E
SHA256: FEFD4059810DA7855CC3CBC6A198FD75607C4F7B7B2F71817689E1520B454C58

I developed shellcode that enforces permanent DEP when it is injected inside a process:

This is for my Brucon workshop. More details to be posted later.

BITS 32

KERNEL32_HASH equ 0x000d4e88
KERNEL32_NUMBER_OF_FUNCTIONS equ 1
KERNEL32_SETPROCESSDEPPOLICY_HASH equ 0x06f26f66

PROCESS_DEP_ENABLE equ 1

segment .text
	call geteip
geteip:
	pop ebx

  ; Setup environment
	lea esi, [KERNEL32_FUNCTIONS_TABLE-geteip+ebx]
	push esi
	lea esi, [KERNEL32_HASHES_TABLE-geteip+ebx]
	push esi
	push KERNEL32_NUMBER_OF_FUNCTIONS
	push KERNEL32_HASH
	call LookupFunctions

	; Enable permanent DEP in current process
	push PROCESS_DEP_ENABLE
	call [KERNEL32_SETPROCESSDEPPOLICY-geteip+ebx]

	ret

%include "sc-api-functions.asm"

KERNEL32_HASHES_TABLE:
	dd KERNEL32_SETPROCESSDEPPOLICY_HASH

KERNEL32_FUNCTIONS_TABLE:
KERNEL32_SETPROCESSDEPPOLICY dd 0x00000000

When the suspender DLL is loaded inside a process, it will wait for 60 seconds and then suspend all the threads of the host process. If you want another delay, just change the name of the file by appending the number of seconds to sleep. For example, suspender10.dll will wait for 10 seconds before suspending the process.

To resume the process, you can use Process Explorer.

I’ve used this DLL to analyze malware and to disable some unwanted programs without killing them.

And from now on, I’ll try to release 32-bit and 64-bit versions of my tools.

Download:

Suspender_V0_0_0_3.zip (https)

MD5: C87FCAB2586C6154B58FB0F95FBB1FBE

SHA256: 56D0C641569E99AC31C7590DE513025E21166747565B73C5EBE34346616FFB2F